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●词性:及物/不及物动词 (100%)
♬英/səˈvaɪv/ 美/sərˈvaɪv/
⊕1、幸存;活下来
→To continue to live or exist after a dangerous event or illness
使用率:高频(约50%)
用法:
**不及物动词**:单独使用(例:*Few survived.*)
**及物动词**:后接灾难/事件(例:*survive the earthquake*)
常用搭配:☞survive☜ against the odds(在逆境中存活);☞survive☜ on a budget(靠预算维持生计)
例句:
Many ancient trees still ☞survive☜ in this protected forest.
(许多古树在这片受保护的森林中存活至今。)
She ☞survived☜ cancer thanks to early treatment.
(她因及早治疗战胜了癌症。)
The company barely ☞survived☜ the economic crisis.
(公司勉强挺过了经济危机。)
Some insects can ☞survive☜ extreme cold by hibernating.
(一些昆虫通过冬眠在严寒中存活。)
Without water, humans can only ☞survive☜ for about three days.
(没有水,人类只能存活约三天。)
The tradition has ☞survived☜ for centuries in remote villages.
(这一传统在偏远村庄延续了数百年。)
He ☞survived☜ the car crash with minor injuries.
(他在车祸中幸存,仅受轻伤。)
These plants ☞survive☜ best in indirect sunlight.
(这些植物在间接阳光下存活得最好。)
⊕2、比…活得久;在…死后仍存在
→To live longer than someone or outlast something
使用率:中频(约15%)
用法:**及物动词**,接人/物作宾语,强调时间延续性
常用搭配:☞survive☜ one’s spouse(比配偶长寿);☞survive☜ historical changes(历经历史变迁)
例句:
She ☞survived☜ her husband by twenty years.
(她比丈夫多活了二十年。)
Only a few manuscripts ☞survived☜ the library fire.
(图书馆火灾后只有少数手稿留存。)
The ancient ritual still ☞survives☜ in some rural areas.
(这一古老仪式仍在部分农村地区存在。)
The custom has ☞survived☜ three generations in their family.
(这一习俗在他们家族延续了三代。)
⊕3、艰难度过(困难时期)
→To manage to endure a difficult situation
使用率:高频(约35%)
用法:**及物动词**,接抽象名词(如困难、挑战)
常用搭配:☞survive☜ a divorce(熬过离婚);☞survive☜ a busy week(熬过忙碌一周)
例句:
Students often ☞survive☜ exams on coffee and little sleep.
(学生常靠咖啡和少睡眠熬过考试。)
The team ☞survived☜ the project deadline by working overtime.
(团队通过加班赶上了项目截止日期。)
She’s learning to ☞survive☜ single parenthood.
(她在学习如何应对单亲养育的挑战。)
Small businesses struggle to ☞survive☜ competition from giants.
(小企业艰难应对巨头竞争。)
◆总结→
◎核心词性:动词(及物/不及物)
◎高频场景:灾难/疾病恢复、文化遗产留存、经济/情感挑战
◎学习重点:
1. **及物性区分**:
及物:*survive the storm*(接具体事件)。
不及物:*Few survived*(独立使用)。
2. **与近义词对比**:
**Outlive**:仅指“比…长寿”,而 **survive** 可指事件或抽象困境(例:*survive a recession*)。
◎使用要点:
被动语态表状态时需用 **be survived by**(例:*He was survived by his daughter*)。
接“依靠某物”时用 **survive on**(例:*survive on savings*)。
◎易错点:
1. **介词误用**:
正确:*survive **on** minimal food*(依靠少量食物存活)。
错误语境:*survive **with** minimal food*(语义偏差,应强调“依赖”而非“伴随”)。
2. **语义混淆**:
正确:*The species survived climate change*(挺过气候变化)。
歧义句:*The book survived the author*(可能误解为“书比作者长寿”,需明确上下文)。